A Literature Review on Live Migration in Container-Based Distributed Systems
Resumo
Task schedulers are a cornerstone of high-performance distributed computing systems, efficiently distributing workloads across multiple nodes to optimize resource utilization and enhance application performance. By balancing computational tasks, they ensure scalability, minimize latency, and maintain system reliability. Live container migration is an emerging technology in the area of task schedulers; it involves making the task of rescheduling containers as fast as possible, thereby reducing the idle time of the system. This article reviews the most relevant works in the area of live migration in container-based distributed systems, identifying the most significant innovations on the subject.
Referências
Dhuha Basheer Abdullah and Wael Hadeed. “Container live migration in edge computing: a realtime performance amelioration”. In: International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 19.3 (2022). DOI: 10.6703/IJASE.202209_19(3).007.
Rami Akrem Addad et al. “Fast Service Migration in 5G Trends and Scenarios”. In: IEEE Network 34.2 (2020). DOI: 10.1109/MNET.001.1800289.
Sam Aleyadeh et al. “Optimal Container Migration/Re-Instantiation in Hybrid Computing Environments”. In: IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 3 (2022). DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2022.3140272.
Thad Benjaponpitak, Meatasit Karakate, and Kunwadee Sripanidkulchai. “Enabling Live Migration of Containerized Applications Across Clouds”. In: IEEE INFOCOM 2020 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. 2020. DOI: 10.1109/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155403.
Abhishek Bhattacharyya et al. “Multi-vendor OpenROADM Testbed Supporting the Live-Migration of a 5G gNB-CU-UP Container”. In: 2025 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM). 2025. DOI: 10.23919/ONDM65745.2025.11029220.
Carmen Carrión. “Kubernetes Scheduling: Taxonomy, Ongoing Issues and Challenges”. In: ACM Comput. Surv. 55.7 (Dec. 2022). DOI: 10.1145/3539606.
Thanawat Chanikaphon and Mohsen Amini Salehi. “UMS: Live Migration of Containerized Services across Autonomous Computing Systems”. In: GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference. 2023. DOI: 10.1109/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10437519.
Ahmed Chebaane, Simon Spornraft, and Abdelmajid Khelil. “Container-based Task Offloading for Time-Critical Fog Computing”. In: 2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF). 2020. DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221486.
Christopher Clark et al. “Live migration of virtual machines”. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2. NSDI’05. USA: USENIX Association, 2005, pp. 273–286.
Rohit Das and Subhajit Sidhanta. “LIMOCE: Live Migration of Containers in the Edge”. In: 2021 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid). 2021. DOI: 10.1109/CCGrid51090.2021.00070.
Jordi Guitart. “Practicable live container migrations in high performance computing clouds: Diskless, iterative, and connection-persistent”. In: Journal of Systems Architecture 152 (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103157.
Sayed Mohsen Hashemi et al. “A new approach for service activation management in fog computing using Cat Swarm Optimization algorithm”. In: Computing 106.11 (2024). DOI: 10.1007/s00607-024-01302-0.
Barbara Kitchenham. “Procedures for Undertaking Systematic Reviews”. In: (Jan. 2004).
Heiko Koziolek, Andreas Burger, and Abdulla Puthan Peedikayil. “Fast state transfer for updates and live migration of industrial controller runtimes in container orchestration systems”. In: Journal of Systems and Software 211 (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112004.
Xiaoyu Li et al. “Software-based Live Migration for Containerized RDMA”. In: Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Networking. APNet ’24. Sydney, Australia: Association for Computing Machinery, 2024. DOI: 10.1145/3663408.3663416.
Yeonjoo Lim and Jong-Hyouk Lee. “Container-based Service Relocation for Beyond 5G Networks”. In: Journal of Internet Technology 23.4 (2022). DOI: 10.53106/160792642022072304026.
Yogesh Lohumi et al. “Recent Trends, Issues and Challenges in Container and VM Migration”. In: 2023 International Conference on Computer Science and Emerging Technologies (CSET). 2023, pp. 1–5. DOI: 10.1109/CSET58993.2023.10346895.
Yahui Lu and Yu Jiang. “A Container Pre-copy Migration Method Based on Dirty Page Prediction and Compression”. In: 2022 IEEE 28th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS). 2023. DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS56603.2022.00097.
Sorawit Manatura et al. “ FastMig: Leveraging FastFreeze to Establish Robust Service Liquidity in Cloud 2.0 ”. In: 2024 IEEE 17th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD). Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society, July 2024. DOI: 10.1109/CLOUD62652.2024.00019.
M Patel, A Mehta, and Sachin Patel. “IJTPE Journal CONTAINER MIGRATION AND PLACEMENT IN HYBRID CLOUD-FOG ENVIRONMENT: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW”. In: International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering 14 (Mar. 2022), pp. 130–135.
Leonardo Poggiani et al. “Live Migration of Multi-Container Kubernetes Pods in Multi-Cluster Serverless Edge Systems”. In: 2024. DOI: 10.1145/3660319.3660330.
Leonardo Poggiani et al. “Live Migration of Multi-Container Kubernetes Pods in Multi-Cluster Serverless Edge Systems”. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Serverless at the Edge. SEATED ’24. Pisa, Italy: Association for Computing Machinery, 2024, pp. 9–16. DOI: 10.1145/3660319.3660330.
Shunmugapriya Ramanathan et al. “Demonstration of Containerized Central Unit Live Migration in 5G Radio Access Network”. In: 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft). 2022. DOI: 10.1109/NetSoft54395.2022.9844071.
Zeineb Rejiba and Javad Chamanara. “Custom Scheduling in Kubernetes: A Survey on Common Problems and Solution Approaches”. In: ACM Comput. Surv. 55.7 (Dec. 2022). DOI: 10.1145/3544788.
Chenghao Rong et al. “Exploring the Layered Structure of Containers for Design of Video Analytics Application Migration”. In: 2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). 2022. DOI: 10.1109/WCNC51071.2022.9771659.
S. Rukmini and Shridevi Soma. “An Optimized Beluga Whale Approach for Migration to Reduce Power and Service Level Agreement in Real-Time System”. In: Contemporary Mathematics (Singapore) 6.1 (2025). DOI: 10.37256/cm.6120253854.
S. Rukmini, Shridevi Soma, and Rajkumar Buyya. “A Novel Approach for Energy-Efficient Container Migration Using GNBO”. In: Contemporary Mathematics (Singapore) 5.3 (2024). DOI: 10.37256/cm.5320243085.
Ioannis Sarrigiannis et al. “Fog-Enabled Scalable C-V2X Architecture for Distributed 5G and Beyond Applications”. In: IEEE Network 34.5 (2020). DOI: 10.1109/MNET.111.2000476.
Gursharan Singh et al. “A secure and lightweight container migration technique in cloud computing”. In: Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 36.1 (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2023.101887.
Shridevi Soma and S. Rukmini. “Virtual Machine and Container Live Migration Algorithms for Energy Optimization of Data Centre in Cloud Environment: A Research Review”. In: IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023.
Wissem Soussi, Gürkan Gür, and Burkhard Stiller. “Democratizing Container Live Migration for Enhanced Future Networks - A Survey”. In: ACM Comput. Surv. 57.4 (Dec. 2024). DOI: 10.1145/3704436.
Robert Welch et al. Engineering Supercomputing Platforms for Biomolecular Applications. 2025. arXiv: 2506.15585 [physics.bio-ph].
Xingju Xie et al. “Multi-Container Migration Strategy Optimization for Industrial Robotics Workflow Based on Hybrid Tabu-Evolutionary Algorithm”. In: IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 17.5 (2024). DOI: 10.1109/TSC.2024.3440054.
Bo Xu et al. “Sledge: Towards Efficient Live Migration of Docker Containers”. In: 2020 IEEE 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD). 2020. DOI: 10.1109/CLOUD49709.2020.00052.
Hansheng Zhang et al. “KubeSPT: Stateful Pod Teleportation for Service Resilience With Live Migration”. In: IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 18.3 (2025). DOI: 10.1109/TSC.2025.3564888.
Liangbin Zhang et al. “Improved Pre-copy Container Live Migration Optimization”. In: 2024 7th International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET). 2024. DOI: 10.1109/ICET61945.2024.10673096.
Rami Akrem Addad et al. “Fast Service Migration in 5G Trends and Scenarios”. In: IEEE Network 34.2 (2020). DOI: 10.1109/MNET.001.1800289.
Sam Aleyadeh et al. “Optimal Container Migration/Re-Instantiation in Hybrid Computing Environments”. In: IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 3 (2022). DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2022.3140272.
Thad Benjaponpitak, Meatasit Karakate, and Kunwadee Sripanidkulchai. “Enabling Live Migration of Containerized Applications Across Clouds”. In: IEEE INFOCOM 2020 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. 2020. DOI: 10.1109/INFOCOM41043.2020.9155403.
Abhishek Bhattacharyya et al. “Multi-vendor OpenROADM Testbed Supporting the Live-Migration of a 5G gNB-CU-UP Container”. In: 2025 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM). 2025. DOI: 10.23919/ONDM65745.2025.11029220.
Carmen Carrión. “Kubernetes Scheduling: Taxonomy, Ongoing Issues and Challenges”. In: ACM Comput. Surv. 55.7 (Dec. 2022). DOI: 10.1145/3539606.
Thanawat Chanikaphon and Mohsen Amini Salehi. “UMS: Live Migration of Containerized Services across Autonomous Computing Systems”. In: GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference. 2023. DOI: 10.1109/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10437519.
Ahmed Chebaane, Simon Spornraft, and Abdelmajid Khelil. “Container-based Task Offloading for Time-Critical Fog Computing”. In: 2020 IEEE 3rd 5G World Forum (5GWF). 2020. DOI: 10.1109/5GWF49715.2020.9221486.
Christopher Clark et al. “Live migration of virtual machines”. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2. NSDI’05. USA: USENIX Association, 2005, pp. 273–286.
Rohit Das and Subhajit Sidhanta. “LIMOCE: Live Migration of Containers in the Edge”. In: 2021 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid). 2021. DOI: 10.1109/CCGrid51090.2021.00070.
Jordi Guitart. “Practicable live container migrations in high performance computing clouds: Diskless, iterative, and connection-persistent”. In: Journal of Systems Architecture 152 (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2024.103157.
Sayed Mohsen Hashemi et al. “A new approach for service activation management in fog computing using Cat Swarm Optimization algorithm”. In: Computing 106.11 (2024). DOI: 10.1007/s00607-024-01302-0.
Barbara Kitchenham. “Procedures for Undertaking Systematic Reviews”. In: (Jan. 2004).
Heiko Koziolek, Andreas Burger, and Abdulla Puthan Peedikayil. “Fast state transfer for updates and live migration of industrial controller runtimes in container orchestration systems”. In: Journal of Systems and Software 211 (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112004.
Xiaoyu Li et al. “Software-based Live Migration for Containerized RDMA”. In: Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Networking. APNet ’24. Sydney, Australia: Association for Computing Machinery, 2024. DOI: 10.1145/3663408.3663416.
Yeonjoo Lim and Jong-Hyouk Lee. “Container-based Service Relocation for Beyond 5G Networks”. In: Journal of Internet Technology 23.4 (2022). DOI: 10.53106/160792642022072304026.
Yogesh Lohumi et al. “Recent Trends, Issues and Challenges in Container and VM Migration”. In: 2023 International Conference on Computer Science and Emerging Technologies (CSET). 2023, pp. 1–5. DOI: 10.1109/CSET58993.2023.10346895.
Yahui Lu and Yu Jiang. “A Container Pre-copy Migration Method Based on Dirty Page Prediction and Compression”. In: 2022 IEEE 28th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS). 2023. DOI: 10.1109/ICPADS56603.2022.00097.
Sorawit Manatura et al. “ FastMig: Leveraging FastFreeze to Establish Robust Service Liquidity in Cloud 2.0 ”. In: 2024 IEEE 17th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD). Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society, July 2024. DOI: 10.1109/CLOUD62652.2024.00019.
M Patel, A Mehta, and Sachin Patel. “IJTPE Journal CONTAINER MIGRATION AND PLACEMENT IN HYBRID CLOUD-FOG ENVIRONMENT: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW”. In: International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering 14 (Mar. 2022), pp. 130–135.
Leonardo Poggiani et al. “Live Migration of Multi-Container Kubernetes Pods in Multi-Cluster Serverless Edge Systems”. In: 2024. DOI: 10.1145/3660319.3660330.
Leonardo Poggiani et al. “Live Migration of Multi-Container Kubernetes Pods in Multi-Cluster Serverless Edge Systems”. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Serverless at the Edge. SEATED ’24. Pisa, Italy: Association for Computing Machinery, 2024, pp. 9–16. DOI: 10.1145/3660319.3660330.
Shunmugapriya Ramanathan et al. “Demonstration of Containerized Central Unit Live Migration in 5G Radio Access Network”. In: 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft). 2022. DOI: 10.1109/NetSoft54395.2022.9844071.
Zeineb Rejiba and Javad Chamanara. “Custom Scheduling in Kubernetes: A Survey on Common Problems and Solution Approaches”. In: ACM Comput. Surv. 55.7 (Dec. 2022). DOI: 10.1145/3544788.
Chenghao Rong et al. “Exploring the Layered Structure of Containers for Design of Video Analytics Application Migration”. In: 2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). 2022. DOI: 10.1109/WCNC51071.2022.9771659.
S. Rukmini and Shridevi Soma. “An Optimized Beluga Whale Approach for Migration to Reduce Power and Service Level Agreement in Real-Time System”. In: Contemporary Mathematics (Singapore) 6.1 (2025). DOI: 10.37256/cm.6120253854.
S. Rukmini, Shridevi Soma, and Rajkumar Buyya. “A Novel Approach for Energy-Efficient Container Migration Using GNBO”. In: Contemporary Mathematics (Singapore) 5.3 (2024). DOI: 10.37256/cm.5320243085.
Ioannis Sarrigiannis et al. “Fog-Enabled Scalable C-V2X Architecture for Distributed 5G and Beyond Applications”. In: IEEE Network 34.5 (2020). DOI: 10.1109/MNET.111.2000476.
Gursharan Singh et al. “A secure and lightweight container migration technique in cloud computing”. In: Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 36.1 (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2023.101887.
Shridevi Soma and S. Rukmini. “Virtual Machine and Container Live Migration Algorithms for Energy Optimization of Data Centre in Cloud Environment: A Research Review”. In: IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023.
Wissem Soussi, Gürkan Gür, and Burkhard Stiller. “Democratizing Container Live Migration for Enhanced Future Networks - A Survey”. In: ACM Comput. Surv. 57.4 (Dec. 2024). DOI: 10.1145/3704436.
Robert Welch et al. Engineering Supercomputing Platforms for Biomolecular Applications. 2025. arXiv: 2506.15585 [physics.bio-ph].
Xingju Xie et al. “Multi-Container Migration Strategy Optimization for Industrial Robotics Workflow Based on Hybrid Tabu-Evolutionary Algorithm”. In: IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 17.5 (2024). DOI: 10.1109/TSC.2024.3440054.
Bo Xu et al. “Sledge: Towards Efficient Live Migration of Docker Containers”. In: 2020 IEEE 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD). 2020. DOI: 10.1109/CLOUD49709.2020.00052.
Hansheng Zhang et al. “KubeSPT: Stateful Pod Teleportation for Service Resilience With Live Migration”. In: IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 18.3 (2025). DOI: 10.1109/TSC.2025.3564888.
Liangbin Zhang et al. “Improved Pre-copy Container Live Migration Optimization”. In: 2024 7th International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET). 2024. DOI: 10.1109/ICET61945.2024.10673096.
Publicado
28/10/2025
Como Citar
BARROSO, João Pedro Resende; MANACERO, Aleardo; LOBATO, Renata Spolon; SPOLON, Roberta.
A Literature Review on Live Migration in Container-Based Distributed Systems. In: SIMPÓSIO EM SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONAIS DE ALTO DESEMPENHO (SSCAD), 26. , 2025, Bonito/MS.
Anais [...].
Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação,
2025
.
p. 302-313.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5753/sscad.2025.16716.
